P1 Revision Booklet

Wave basics, Reflection and Refraction

Easy (Grade D/E)

Q1.          (a)     The diagram shows a longitudinal wave being produced in a stretched spring.

 
(i)      Use the bold words from the diagram to complete the following sentence. Put only 
one word in each space.
A longitudinal wave is one in which the ..................................... causing
the wave is parallel to the ..................................... of energy transfer.
(2)

(ii)     Name the type of energy that is transferred by longitudinal waves.
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     The diagram shows water waves made by a wave machine in a swimming pool.

Every second, two waves go past a person standing in the swimming pool.
The waves have a wavelength of 0.8 metres.
Calculate the speed of the water waves.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Wave speed = ......................................... m/s
(2)

(c)     The graph shows how the speed of deep ocean waves depends on the wavelength of the waves.

What can you conclude from the graph?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

 Q2.          A man is walking along the bank of a river.
          He sees a fish which seems to be at X.

(a)     Show, on the diagram, where the fish really is.
          Complete the ray of light which goes from the fish into the man’s eye. 
(2)
(b)     Complete the sentence.
The ray of light is ........................................ as it passes from the water into the air.
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
 Q3.          (a)     The diagram shows two mirrors at right angles to each other. A ray of light shines onto one mirror as shown.
          Carefully draw the path of the ray which is reflected from both mirrors.
          Draw an arrow on the ray to show the direction of the light.

(3)

(b)     Light can also be made to change direction as it passes into and out from a block of glass. Complete the ray diagram below.

(2)
(Total 5 marks)
 Q4.          The diagram shows four oscilloscope wave traces. The controls of the oscilloscope were the same for each wave trace.

          Which one of the waves traces, A, B, C or D, has:
(i)      the largest amplitude, ................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)      the lowest frequency? ................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
 Q5.          The diagram shows a ray of light travelling through a glass block.

(a)     Complete the diagram to show what happens to the ray of light when it comes out of the glass.
(2)

(b)     Explain why this happens to the ray of light.
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
 Q6.          (a)     The diagram shows a wave pattern.

Which letter, L, M or N shows:
(i)      the wavelength? ...................
(ii)     the amplitude? .....................
(2)
(c)     Describe how you could show that visible light travels in straight lines. You may wish to draw a diagram to help explain your answer.

 

 
 
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..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
 Q7.          (a)     A swimming pool has a wave making machine. The diagram shows the water wave pattern for 3 seconds.

(i)      How many water waves are shown in the diagram?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     What is the frequency of the water waves?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)     Which one of the units below is used to measure frequency? Underline your answer.
hertz         joule          watt
(1)

(b)     The diagram shows the direction of the waves across the pool. The waves reflect off the side of the pool.

          Draw a line on the diagram to show the direction of the waves after they hit the side of the pool.
(1)

(c)     The swimming pool is used to test a model of an electricity generator. The waves make the floating generator move up and down. This energy is transferred to electricity.

(i)      In the following sentence, cross out the two lines that are wrong in the box.
         The diagram shoes that the amplitude of the waves  as the waves pass the generator.
(1)

(ii)     What type of energy does the generator transfer to electricity? 
..........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)     Energy from ocean waves could be used to generate electricity. Would this be a renewable or non-renewable energy resource?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
 Q8.          The diagram shows a water wave drawn to scale.

(a)     What is the wavelength of this water wave? ............................... cm
(1)

(b)     What is the amplitude? ............................... cm
(1)

(c)     Twelve waves pass an observer in four seconds.
          What is the frequency of the waves? Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Frequency = .....................................................................
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Wave basics, reflection and refraction-Mark scheme

M1.          (a)     (i)      oscillation
1
direction
1
correct order only

(ii)                sound
1

(b)     1.6
allow 1 mark for correct
substitution into correct equation ie 2 x 0.8
2

(c)     as the wavelength increases so does the wave speed
1
extra information eg wave speed increases faster between
0-40 m than between 100-140 m
or
not in proportion
1
[7]
 M2.          (a)     line (from fish) to complete ray to eye
[mark awarded even if begins outside the box]
[credit only if fish shown to left of normal]
•        fish within the region shown or X or start of ray
(i. e. not necessarily directly below x) each for 1 mark

2

(b)     bent/refracted/deviated/speeded up
for 1 mark
1
[3]
M3.          (a)     first reflection vertically down to the
fourth hatch line or just to the left of
it reaching mirror (must come from
incident ray given)

1

          second reflection back parallel to incident ray must be linked to first part of ray
1
          appropriate arrow on a part of the ray (may be given if lines wrong)
(must come from source of light)
maximum of one mark to be lost for poor diagrams not using a ruler for straight lines
first time you come across wavy line, it is penalised
1

(b)     ray in block bent downwards, not beyond the normal
do not credit if exactly on normal
1
emergent ray parallel to incident ray
do not credit a continuation of the line straight through the block these are independent
1
[5]
 M4.          (i)      B
1
(ii)      A
1
[2]
 M5.          (a)     ray shown refracted        (to rhs or along normal) 
gains 1 mark
          but
ray shown refracted away from normal
gains 2 marks
2

(b)     idea that
travels at a different speed
gains 1 mark
          (allow refracted / travels slower in air / air is less dense) (do not allow bent)
          but 
travels more quickly in air
gains 2 marks
2
[4]
 M6.          (a)     (i)      L
1
(ii)     N
1

(c)     the answer should be in the form:
not inside the eye
          either for both marks an arrangement which could demonstrate visibly
light travels in straight lines
full credit should be given for answer presented as a diagram

          and
an explanation of how it shows the straightness

or for one mark
          named device which uses principle of light travelling in straight lines to work
examples
light (from a street lamp) strikes an object producing a shadow
laser light travelling through (fine) dust shows a straight beam
three pieces of card with central holes need to be lined up to be able to see through the third hole from the first
ray box type experiment using mirrors/prisms, etc
beams on paper or in smoke
torch beams through smoke

example devices:–
–pinhole camera (qualification may get second mark)
–periscope
–optical fibre
–reflection ‘in a mirror
2
[4]
 M7.          (a)     (i)      3
1
(ii)     1
accept a definition of frequency ignore units
1
(iii)     hertz
1

(b)     straight line in correct direction
judge by eye (from ‘a’ of waves to ‘s’ of across) ignore arrow
accept equal angles shown on waves
1

          (c)     (i)      gets smaller
1
(ii)     kinetic
accept movement
1
(iii)     renewable
1
[7]
 M8.          (a)     4
1
(b)     3
1
(c)     3
correct answer with no working = 2
allow 1 mark for f = number ÷ time
or correct working i.e., 12 ÷ 4
N.B. correct answer from incorrectly
recalled relationship / substitution = 0
2
          Hz / hertz
accept HZ, hz, hZ
allow waves / cycles per second
allow wps, w/s, cps, c/s
1
[5]