P1 Revision Booklet

Ultrasound

Easy (Grade D/E)

Q1.(a)     The diagram shows four sound waves, J, K, L and M, represented on an oscilloscope screen.
They are all drawn to the same scale.

J	K	L	M	

(i)      Which two of the waves have the same amplitude?
Wave ...................... and wave ......................
(1)

(ii)     Which of the waves would sound the loudest?
Wave ......................
(1)

(iii)    Only one of the waves is an ultrasound wave.
Which one is the ultrasound wave?
Wave ......................
Give a reason for your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)

(b)     The diagram shows ultrasound being used to examine the ligament inside the leg of a horse.

Use words from the box to complete the following sentences.
 
computer	detector	transmitter	

The ....................................... sends pulses of ultrasound into the leg. When the
ultrasound meets the ligament, some is reflected back to the ............................
The reflected pulses are converted by a .......................... into an image that can
be seen on the screen.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
 Q2.          Ultrasound waves are very high frequency sound waves. They cannot be heard by humans.
(a)     Ultrasound waves can be used to clean jewellery.
The jewellery is put into a container of cleaning fluid.

Complete each sentence to explain how ultrasound can clean jewellery.
The ultrasound generator makes the molecules of the cleaning fluid
............................... . The molecules knock particles of ................................
from the surface of the jewellery.
(2)

(b)     Give a medical use for ultrasound.
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     Ultrasound waves can be represented on the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).
The diagrams show three ultrasound waves.
Each wave is represented on an identical CRO screen, A, B and C.

Screen A	Screen B	Screen C	

(i)      How many complete waves are shown on screen B? ..........................
(1)

(ii)     Which screen shows the waves with the highest frequency?
Screen ..............................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
 Q3.          (a)    The table gives information about the frequencies in the hearing ranges of six different mammals.
 
Name of mammal	Frequencies in hearing range	
Bat	20 Hz → 160 kHz	
Dog	20 Hz → 30 kHz	
Dolphin	40 Hz → 110 kHz	
Elephant	5 Hz → 10 kHz	
Human	20 Hz → 20 kHz	
Tiger	30 Hz → 50 kHz	

(i)      Which mammal in the table can hear the highest frequency?
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Which mammal in the table, apart from humans, cannot hear ultrasound?
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)    Give one example of a frequency which an elephant can hear but which a tiger cannot hear.
Include the unit in your answer.
                                Frequency ............................................................
(1)

(b)     The diagrams show six sound waves, A, B, C, D, E and F, represented on an oscilloscope screen.
They are all drawn to the same scale.

(i)      Which one of the waves has the greatest amplitude?
                                       Wave ............................................................ .
(1)

(ii)     Which one of the waves has the highest frequency?
                                       Wave ............................................................ .
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
 
Q4.        A hard, flat surface reflects sound just like a plane (flat) mirror reflects light.

You want to hear the reflection (echo) of the ticking watch through a tube.
Which is the best position to put the tube?
Choose from positions A-E on the diagram ......................................................................
(You may draw on the diagram if you want to.)
(Total 2 marks)
 Q5.          Two friends are standing on a beach.
          When they shout they can hear themselves a second later.

          Explain, as fully as you can, why this happens.
(You may answer on the diagram if you want to.)
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(Total 2 marks)
 Q6.          A microphone and a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) can be used to show the pattern of a sound wave.

          Four sound wave patterns, A, B, C and D, are shown.
          They are all drawn to the same scale.

(a)     Which one of the patterns has the smallest amplitude? .....................................................

(b)     Which one of the patterns has the lowest frequency? ........................................................
(Total 2 marks)
 Ultrasound-Mark scheme
M1.         (a)      (i)     J and L 
both required, either order
1

(ii)     K
1

(iii)    L
1

highest frequency
reason does not score if L not chosen
accept most waves (on screen)
do not accept frequency above 20 000(Hz)
do not accept cannot hear it
1

(b)     transmitter
detector
computer
all three in correct order
allow 1 mark for one correct
2
[6]
 M2.          (a)     vibrate
allow move more (vigorously) but not just move
1

dirt / muck / grit / rust / dust etc.
do not accept bacteria
1

(b)     any one medical use eg
ignore incorrect biological detail
•        scanning unborn babies
•        destroying (kidney) stones
1

(c)     (i)      2
1

(ii)     C
1
[5]

M3.         (a)      (i)     bat(s)
1

(ii)     elephant(s)
1

(iii)    any example in the inclusive range 5 ↔ 29 Hz / hertz
appropriate number and unit both required
1

(b)     (i)     B
1

(ii)     F
1
[5]
 M4.          D
gains 1 mark
          but E (D + E = 1)
gains 2 marks
[2]
 
M5.          
•        idea that (in words or on diagram)
•        sound reflects / bounces off cliff
•        returns the way it came / produces an echo
each for 1 mark
[2]
 
M6.          (a)     C (only)
1
(b)     A (only)
1
[2]