P2 Revision Booklet

Motion

Medium (Grade C)

Q1.          (a)     A person takes their dog for a walk.
The graph shows how the distance from their home changes with time.

Which part of the graph, A, B, C or D, shows them walking the fastest?
 
Write your answer in the box.		

Give the reason for your answer.
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(2)

(b)     During the walk, both the speed and the velocity of the person and the dog change.
How is velocity different from speed?
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(1)
(Total 3 marks)
 Q2.          A child goes out to visit a friend.
The graph shows the child’s journey.

(a)     Calculate the child’s average speed for the whole journey.
[Show your working and give the units in your answer.]
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(3)

(b)     How many times faster is the child travelling in part A of the graph than in part C?
[You should show how you obtained your answer.]
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
 Q3.          A cyclist travelling along a straight level road accelerates at 1.2 m/s2 for 5 seconds.
The mass of the cyclist and the bicycle is 80 kg.
(a)     Use the equation in the box to calculate the resultant force needed to produce this acceleration.
 
resultant force   =   mass   ×   acceleration	

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
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                                       Resultant force = ...........................................
(3)

(b)     The graph shows how the velocity of the cyclist changes with time.

(i)      Complete the following sentence.
The velocity includes both the speed and the ........................of the cyclist.
(1)

(ii)     Why has the data for the cyclist been shown as a line graph instead of a bar chart?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)    The diagrams show the horizontal forces acting on the cyclist at three different speeds. The length of an arrow represents the size of the force.
A
	B
	C

Which one of the diagrams, A, B or C, represents the forces acting when the cyclist is travelling at a constant 9 m/s?
...............................................................................................................
Explain the reason for your choice.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
 Q4.          (a)     The diagram shows the horizontal forces that act on a moving motorbike.

(i)      Describe the movement of the motorbike when force A equals force B.
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...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)     What happens to the speed of the motorbike if force B becomes smaller 
than force A?
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(1)

(b)     The graph shows how the velocity of a motorbike changes when it is travelling along a straight road.

(i)      What was the change in velocity of the motorbike in the first 5 seconds?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Write down the equation which links acceleration, change in velocity and time taken.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)     Calculate the acceleration of the motorbike during the first 5 seconds.
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Acceleration = .............................................
(3)

(c)     A car is travelling on an icy road.
          Describe and explain what might happen to the car when the brakes are applied.
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(2)

(d)     Name three factors, other than weather conditions, which would increase the overall stopping distance of a vehicle.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
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2 ..................................................................................................................................
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3 ..................................................................................................................................
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(3)
(Total 13 marks)
 Q5.          A cyclist goes on a long ride. The graph shows how the distance travelled changes with time during the ride.

(i)      Between which two points on the graph was the cyclist moving at the fastest speed?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)      State one way cyclists can reduce the air resistance acting on them.
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(1)

(iii)     How long did the cyclist stop and rest?
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(1)

(iv)     Write down the equation which links distance, speed and time.
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(1)

(v)     Calculate, in km/hr, the average speed of the cyclist while moving.
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Average speed = .............................. km/hr
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q6.          Below is a distance-time graph for part of a train journey.
The train is travelling at a constant speed.

(a)     Use the graph to find
(i)      how far the train travels in 2 minutes .................... km.
(ii)     how long it takes the train to travel a distance of 10 kilometres ............... minutes.
(2)

(b)     Calculate the speed of the train.
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(4)
(Total 6 marks)

 Q7.          The graph shows changes in the velocity of a racing car.

(a)     Describe the motion of the racing car during:
(i)      the period labelled W; ......................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)     the period labelled Y. .......................................................................................
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(1)

(b)     Calculate the acceleration of the racing car during the period labelled X.
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
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Acceleration = .............................................
(4)
(Total 6 marks)
Q8.          The graph shows the speed of a runner during an indoor 60 metres race.

(a)     Choose words from this list to complete the sentences below.
moving at a steady speed                slowing down
speeding up                                     stopped
Part A of the graph shows that the runner is .............................................................
Part B of the graph shows that the runner is .............................................................
Part C of the graph shows that the runner is .............................................................
(3)

(b)     Calculate the acceleration of the runner during the first four seconds.
(Show your working.)
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
 Motion-Mark scheme

M1.          (a)     B
reason only scores if B is chosen
1

gradient / slope is the steepest / steeper
answers must be comparative
accept steepest line
ignore greatest speed
1

(b)     (velocity includes) direction
‘it’ refers to velocity
1
[3]
M2.          (a)     evidence of
speed =  (travelled)   or      or   
 
gains 1 mark
but or any correct calculation of gradient
(except when zero) gains 2 marks
             or   2
gains 1 mark
          units   metres per second or m/s or ms-1
 (not mps)
for 1 mark
3

(b)     evidence of calculating the two speeds
( and      or      5   and   2)             (evidence of this may be in (a))
 
or
noting distances travelled in same time (20 secs) i.e. 100m and 40m but 2.5
gains 2 marks
2
[5]
 M3.          (a)     96
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie 80 × 1.2
2

newton or N
allow Newton
do not allow n
1

(b)     (i)     direction
1

(ii)     velocity and time are continuous (variables)
answers must refer to both variables
accept the variables are continuous / not categoric
accept the data / ‘it’ is continuous
accept the data / ‘it’ is not categoric
1

(iii)    C
1

velocity is not changing
the 2 marks for reason may be scored even if A or B are chosen
accept speed for velocity
accept speed is constant (9 m/s)
accept not decelerating
accept not accelerating
accept reached terminal velocity
1

forces must be balanced
accept forces are equal
accept arrows are the same length / size
or
resultant force is zero
do not accept the arrows are equal
1
[8]
M4.          (a)     (i)      constant speed
do not accept normal speed
do not accept it is stopped / stationary
1
in a straight line
accept any appropriate reference to a direction
constant velocity gains 2 marks
‘not accelerating’ gains 2 marks
terminal velocity alone gets 1 mark
1
(ii)     goes down owtte
accept motorbike (it) slows down
1

(b)     (i)      20 (m/s)
ignore incorrect units
1
(ii)     acceleration = 
 
do not accept velocity for change in velocity
accept change in speed
accept  or  
or a = 
do not accept 
1

(iii)     4
or their (b)(i) ÷ 5
allow 1 mark for correct substitution
2
m/s2     
m/s/s or ms or metres per
second squared or metres per
second per second
1

(c)     vehicle may skid / slide
loss of control / brakes lock / wheels lock
accept greater stopping distance or difficult to stop
1
due to reduced friction (between tyre(s) and road)
accept due to less grip
do not accept no friction
1

(d)     any three from:
do not accept night time / poor vision
•        increased speed
•        reduced braking force
•        slower (driver) reactions
NB specific answers may each gain credit eg tiredness (1), drinking alcohol (1), using drugs (1), driver distracted (1) etc
•        poor vehicle maintenance
specific examples may each gain credit eg worn brakes or worn tyres etc
•        increased mass / weight of vehicle
accept large mass / weight of vehicle
•        poor road surface
•        more streamlined
if candidates give three answers that affect stopping distance but not specific to increase award 1 mark only
3
[13]
M5.          (i)      C and D or D and C
accept CD
accept DC
accept answers in terms of time
1

(ii)      any one from:
          streamline position streamline clothes
accept crouched position
accept tight clothes
accept design of cycle
accept cycle slower
1

(iii)     0.5 hours or 30 minutes or 1800 seconds
must have unit
1

(iv)     speed = 
 
accept any correct rearrangement
accept s = d/t or  v  s/t
accept velocity for speed
accept 
if subsequent use of  correct
1

(v)     16
allow for mark for each of time = 3.5 hours
distance = 56km
allow e.c.f. from part (a)(iii) if correctly used
an answer of 14 gains 2 marks
allow 1 mark for correct attempt to average the three sections
3
[7]
 M6.          (a)     (i)      3km [allow 2.9 to 3.1]
for 1 mark
1
(ii)     6.6 min [allow 6.5 to 6.8] 
for 1 mark
1

(b)     can be in any units, 1.5 km/min, 1500 m/min, 25 m/s, 90 km/h
Sp = d/t
=12/8
=1.5 
km/min 
for 1 mark each (see marking of calculations)
4
[6]
 M7.          (a)     (i)      acceleration / speeding up 
do not accept acceleration increases
1
(ii)     constant / steady velocity
accept constant / steady speed
1

(b)     10
3
m/s2 or ms־2
reject ms2
if answer not correct then allow 1 mark for
acceleration = 
 
and allow 1 mark for 
1
[6]
 M8.          (a)     A = speeding up
[Accept ‘accelerating / acceleration / going faster]
          B =moving at a steady speed
[Accept ‘constant speed’]
          C = slowing down
[Accept ‘going slower’ / decelerating]
each for 1 mark
3

(b)     acceleration = 
 
          NB if formula given must be correct
          or 
gains 1 mark
          but 2.5
gains 2 marks
          unit m/s2  or metres per second squared
              or metres per second per second
for 1 mark
          or m/s–2
[Credit even if no / an incorrect numerical answer is given]
3
[6]