P2 Revision Booklet

Motion

Easy (Grade D/E)

Q1.          (a)     The diagrams, A, B and C, show the horizontal forces acting on a moving car.
Draw a line to link each diagram to the description of the car’s motion at the moment when the forces act.
Draw only three lines.
 
 	stationary	

                     A	 	
 	constant speed	

                     B	 	
 	slowing down	

                     C	 	
 	accelerating forwards	

(3)

(b)     The front crumple zone of a car is tested at a road traffic laboratory. This is done by using a remote control device to drive the car into a strong barrier. Electronic sensors are attached to a dummy inside the car.

(i)      Draw an arrow in Box 1 to show the direction of the force that the car exerts on the barrier.
(1)

(ii)     Draw an arrow in Box 2 to show the direction of the force that the barrier exerts on the car.
(1)

(iii)    Complete the following by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
The car exerts a force of 5000 N on the barrier. The barrier does not move. The force
 
 	more than	 	
exerted by the barrier on the car will be	equal to	5000 N.	
 	less than	 	

(1)

(iv)     Which one of the following gives the most likely reason for attaching electronic sensors to the dummy?
Put a tick () in the box next to your answer.
 
To measure the speed of the car just before the impact.		
To measure the forces exerted on the dummy during the impact.		
To measure the distance the car travels during the impact.		

(1)
(Total 7 marks)
 Q2.          The graphs in List A show how the velocities of three vehicles change with time.
The statements in List B describe different motions.
Draw one line from each graph in List A to the description of the motion represented by that graph in List B.
                            List A                                           List B
                Velocity–time graphs              Descriptions of motion

(Total 3 marks)
 Q3.          (a)     The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a car travelling along a straight road.

(i)      Calculate the size of the resultant force acting on the car.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Resultant force = ......................................... N
(2)

(ii)     Describe the motion of the car when the forces shown in the diagram act on it.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)

(b)     A car driver makes an emergency stop.
The chart shows the ‘thinking distance’ and the ‘braking distance’ needed to stop the car.

(i)      Calculate the total stopping distance of the car.
...............................................................................................................
Stopping distance = ................................. m
(1)

(ii)     The graph shows that speed affects thinking distance.

Use the graph to find the thinking distance for a car driven at 30 m/s.
Thinking distance = ................................ m
(1)

(iii)     Give one further factor that will affect the thinking distance.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
 Q4.          Part of a bus route is along a high street.
The distance – time graph shows how far the bus travelled along the high street and how long it took.

(a)     The bus travels the slowest between points D and E.
          How can you tell this from the graph?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Between which two points was the bus travelling the fastest?
          Put a tick () in the box next to your answer.
 
Points	 	
A – B	 	
B – C	 	
C – D	 	

(1)

(c)     There is a bus stop in the high street.
This is marked as point B on the graph.
(i)      What is the distance between point A on the graph and the bus stop?
Distance .............................. metres
(1)

(ii)     How long did the bus stop at the bus stop?
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
Time = .............................. seconds
(2)

(d)     A cyclist made the same journey along the high street.
The cyclist started at the same time as the bus and completed the journey in 200 seconds. The cyclist travelled the whole distance at a constant speed.
(i)      Draw a line on the graph to show the cyclist’s journey.
(2)
(ii)     After how many seconds did the cyclist overtake the bus?
The cyclist overtook the bus after .............................. seconds.
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
 Q5.          A horse and rider take part in a long distance race. The graph shows how far the horse and rider travel during the race.

(a)     What was the distance of the race?
distance = .................................................................. km
(1)

(b)     How long did it take the horse and rider to complete the race?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     What distance did the horse and rider travel in the first 2 hours of the race?
distance = .................................................................. km
(1)

(d)     How long did the horse and rider stop and rest during the race?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(e)     Not counting the time it was resting, between which two points was the horse moving the slowest?
................................. and ..................................
          Give a reason for your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q6.          This question is about a car travelling through a town.
(a)     The graph shows how far the car travelled and how long it took.

(i)      Between which points was the car travelling fastest? Tick () your answer.
 
Points	Tick ()	
A – B	 	
B – C	 	
C – D	 	
D – E	 	
E – F	 	

(1)

(ii)     Between which points was the car stationary?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Complete the sentences by writing the correct words in the spaces.
          When a car has to stop, the overall stopping distance is greater if:
•        the car is poorly maintained;
•        there are adverse weather conditions;
•        the car is travelling ................................ ;
•        the driver’s reactions are ................................ .
          Also, the greater the speed of the car, then the greater the braking ................................
          needed to stop in a certain time.
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
 Q7.          The graph shows the distance a person walked on a short journey.

          (a)     Choose from the phrases listed to complete the statements which follow. You may use each statement once, more than once or not at all.
standing still
walking at constant speed
walking with an increasing speed
walking with a decreasing speed

(i)      Between points A and B the person is
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Between points B and C the person is
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Complete the sentence.
You can tell that the speed of the person between points A and B is ........................
than the speed between points C and D because .......................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)     Write the equation which relates distance, speed and time.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
 Motion-Mark scheme

M1.(a)      3 lines drawn
all correct
allow 1 mark for each correct line
if two or more lines are drawn from any diagram then all these lines are incorrect

3

(b)     (i)      horizontal arrow to the right 
judge by eye
accept an arrow drawn outside the box if it is labelled correctly
1

(ii)     horizontal arrow to the left
judge by eye
accept an arrow drawn outside the box if it is labelled correctly
1

(iii)    equal to
1

(iv)     to measure the forces exerted on the dummy during the impact
1
[7]

M2.         1 mark for each line

if more than 1 line is drawn from a graph in List A then all those lines are marked incorrect
[3]
 M3.          (a)     (i)      1500
allow 1 mark for subtraction shown ie 2000 – 500
2

(ii)     it accelerates
1
in a forward direction
accept gains speed/velocity
1

(b)     (i)      23 (m)
1

(ii)     20 (m)
only this answer
1

(iii)     any one from:
•        drinking alcohol
•        taking drugs
•        tired
accept (a specific) distraction
accept any factor that affects the drivers reactions
1
[7]
M4.          (a)     shallowest slope/ gradient
accept smallest distance in biggest time
accept longest time to travel the same distance
accept the line is not as steep
accept it is a less steep line
do not accept the line is not steep
1

(b)     A – B
If 2 or 3 boxes are ticked no mark
1

(c)     (i)      200 m
1
(ii)     20 s
allow 1 mark for correctly identifying 60 s or 40 s from the graph
2

(d)     (i)      straight line starting at origin
accept within one small square of the origin
1
         passing through t = 200 and d = 500
1

(ii)     166
accept any value between 162 and 168
accept where their line intersects
given graph line correctly read ± 3 s
1
[8]

 

M5.          (a)     60
1
(b)     5 hours
must include unit
1
(c)     30
1
(d)     30 minutes or
           hour
must include unit
1

(e)     D and E
accept finish for E
accept correct numbers from axes with units
1
          least steep part of the graph
accept covers smallest distance in a set time
accept only moves 5 km in 1 ½ hours (accept anything between 5 and 6)
ignore horse is tired
1
[6]
 M6.          (a)     (i)      E-F (ticked)
1
(ii)     B-C or D-E
accept both answers
1

(b)     fast(er)
accept downhill
1
          slow(er)
1
          force
do not accept distance
1
[5]

 

M7.          (a)     (i)      walking at constant speed
1
(ii)     standing still
1

(b)     is higher or faster
accept less time to walk more distance (both time and distance must be mentioned)
1
the slope of graph is steeper
accept slope is more
1

(c)     speed = 
 
accept suitable symbols used in correct formula
do not accept a triangle
1
[5]