Q1.          The internal body temperature determines how much a person sweats. The graph shows the effect of different internal body temperatures on a person’s rate of energy loss by sweating.

(a)     How much more energy was lost from the body each second by sweating when the body temperature was 37.6 °C than when it was 36.6 °C? Show clearly how you work out your final answer.
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Amount of energy = ................................ joules per second  	(2)
(b)     Explain why a person would feel more thirsty when the body temperature was 37.6 °C than when it was 36.6 °C.
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(c)     Explain how sweating helps to control body temperature.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
 Q2.          It is legal in the UK to use certain recreational drugs but illegal to use others.
(a)     Tobacco is a legal drug. Pregnant women are strongly advised not to smoke.
Explain how a fetus may be affected if the mother smokes tobacco.
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(b)     Illegal drugs are classified as Class A, B or C. Class A drugs are the most dangerous. The use of Class A drugs attracts the most serious punishments and fines.
•        Cannabis is a Class C drug.
•        These are some facts about cannabis.
•        It is less addictive than amphetamines, tobacco or alcohol.
•        It may cause mental illness.
•        It does not seem to cause major social problems.
•        It may be a ‘gateway’ drug to more harmful substances.
•        It has a higher tar content than tobacco.
•        It has an effect on the heart, similar to the effects of exercise.
•        It can upset the control of blood pressure.
•        Use the above information to answer these questions.
(i)      Give two reasons why many people think that cannabis should be classified as a Class A or Class B drug.
1. .......................................................................................................................
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2. .......................................................................................................................
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(ii)     Give two reasons why many people think that cannabis should not be classified as an illegal drug.
1. .......................................................................................................................
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2. .......................................................................................................................
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(Total 6 marks)
 Q3.         Charles Darwin investigated tropisms in plants.
Some students did an investigation similar to Darwin’s investigation.
The students:
•   grew seeds until short shoots had grown
•   used black plastic to cover parts of some of the shoots
•   put the shoots in light coming from one direction
•   put boxes over the shoots to keep out other light.

The diagrams show how the investigation was set up.

Two days later the students took off the black plastic covers and looked at the shoots.
The diagrams show the results.

(a)     Give two variables that the students should control in this investigation.
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(b)     Shoot A bent towards the light as it grew.
Explain how.
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(4)

(c)     What conclusions can be drawn from the results about:
(i)      the detection of the light stimulus
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(1)

(ii)     where in the shoot the response to the light takes place.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
 Q4.          Many people use recreational drugs.
(a)     Give one example of:
(i)      a legal recreational drug
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(1)

(ii)     an illegal recreational drug.
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(1)
(b)     Some recreational drugs are addictive.
(i)      Give one example of a recreational drug that is very addictive.
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(1)

(ii)     Explain how the action of a drug makes a person become addicted to it.
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(1)

(c)     Some doctors think that smoking cannabis causes depression.
          Doctors investigated the cannabis smoking habits of 1500 young adults.
          The table shows the percentage of cannabis smokers in the investigation who became depressed.
 
How many times the men or women had smoked cannabis in the last 12 months	Percentage of men who became depressed	Percentage of women who became depressed	
Less than 5 times	9	16	
More than 5 times, but less than once per week	10	17	
1 – 4 times per week	12	31	
Every day	15 	68	

          From the data, give two conclusions that can be drawn about the relationship between cannabis and depression.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
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2 ..................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
 Q5.          The table shows four ways in which water leaves the body, and the amounts lost on a cool day.
 
 	WATER LOSS (cm3)	
 	COLD DAY	HOT DAY	
Breath	400	the same	
Skin	500	 	
Urine	1500	 	
Faeces	150	 	

(a)     (i)      Fill in the table to show whether on a hot day the amount of water lost would be 
less                      more                    the same
         The first answer has been done for you.
(3)
(ii)     Name the process by which we lose water from the skin.
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(1)
(b)     On a cool day the body gained 2550 cm3 of water.
1500 cm3 came directly from drinking.
Give two other ways in which the body may gain water.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
           Read the following passage.
One of the deadliest diseases seems to be making a comeback in Britain. Doctors are alarmed at the rising number of cases of tuberculosis (TB).
TB is caused by microbes called bacteria. When people carrying the TB bacteria cough or sneeze, the TB bacteria get into the air. Other people may then breathe them in.	
 
(a)     Which organs will be infected first when someone breathes in the TB bacteria?
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(1)

(b)     Explain how the TB bacteria inside the body may cause disease.
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(2)
(c)     Name one other group of microbes that often causes disease.
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(1)

(d)     Suggest why people who live in overcrowded areas are more likely to catch TB than people who live in less crowded areas.
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(1)

(e)     People infected with a small number of TB bacteria often do not develop the disease.
          Explain, as fully as you can, how the body defends itself against the TB bacteria.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Q7.          A student grew a plant in an upright pot.
She then put the pot in a horizontal position and left the plant in the dark for two days.
Diagram 3 shows the potted plant after two days in the dark.

Plant growing
upright	Plant put horizontal
in the dark	Plant after 2 days
in the dark	
 Explain fully why the plant responded in this way.
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(Total 4 marks)
 
 The table shows how much water is lost from a boy’s body on a cold day and on a hot day.
WATER LOST (cm³)	COLD DAY	HOT DAY	
in sweat	50	300	
in breath	100	100 	
in urine	1000	750	
 (a)     Use the figures in the table to complete the bar-chart for a hot day.

(2)

(b)     How do the figures for the hot day compare with those for the cold day?
Answer in as much detail as you can.
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(4)
(c)     The boy does the same things for the same amount of time on both days.
Explain why the amounts of water lost in sweat and urine change.
Sweat ..........................................................................................................................
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Urine ...........................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

 

 M1.          (a)     345 to 350
ignore working or lack of working
use of 355 to 360 and 10 for 1 mark
2

(b)     any two from:
more sweating (at 37.6 °C)
‘more’ at least once in the first 2 points
more water loss or dehydration occurs
do not accept prevents dehydration only
          blood becomes (more) concentrated / (more) salty or need to replace water
stimulation of the hypothalamus
2
(c)     any three from:
evaporation
of water
do not accept just water loss unqualified
cools skin or uses heat from skin
          cools blood / heat from blood (passing through skin)
related to sweating
cooling the blood
ignore vasodilation
3
[7]
 M2.          (a)     any two from:
•        birth mass / growth reduced
•        smoke contains carbon monoxide
ignore references to poison
•        blood carries less oxygen / fetus receives less oxygen
do not accept harder for fetus to breathe
2

(b)     (i)      it may cause mental illness
1
         it may be a ’gateway’ drug to more
harmful substances
three answers max 1
three answers max 0
1
(ii)     it is less addictive than amphetamines, tobacco or alcohol
1
         it is not associated with major sociological problems
three answers max 1
four answers max 0
1
[6]
 M3.          (a)     any two control variables for 1 mark each:
•        age / size of shoots
•        species or type of plant / seeds
•        light intensity
accept amount of light / colour of light
•        (other) named condition eg temperature / water
2

(b)     ignore reference to phototropism
ref to auxin / hormone

unequal (lateral) distribution

more hormone on dark side

causes growth on dark side

(c)     (i)     (detection) in tip / top / end
1

(ii)    (response) behind tip
allow at tip / end / top half
1
[8]
 M4.          (a)     (i)      tobacco / nicotine / alcohol
accept solvent / glue / caffeine
ignore cigarettes / coffee
1
(ii)     cannabis / heroin / cocaine
allow eg crack / weed / ecstasy / LSD / amphetamine / speed / steroids / GHB
1
(b)     (i)      heroin / cocaine / tobacco / nicotine
ignore alcohol / cigarettes / cannabis / caffeine / coffee
1
(ii)     alters body chemistry
ignore withdrawal symptoms / craving
ignore non-chemical effects on nervous system
1
(c)     any two from:
•        increase in cannabis smoking increases (%) depression
•        greater effect in women
allow women become more depressed
•        depression linked with / not directly caused by cannabis
ignore cannabis causes depression
•        not all cannabis smokers get depression
2
[6]
 M5.          (a)     (i)      more
less
the same
(accept appropriate numbers)
for 1 mark each
3

(ii)     sweating / evaporation / perspiration
for 1 mark
1

(b)     in food / named solid food / eating
from respiration
for 1 mark each
2
[6]
 M6.          (a)     lungs
for 1 mark
1

(b)     microbes reproduce rapidly produce poisons
for 1 mark each
2

(c)     viruses/fungi/protozoa
for 1 mark
1

(d)     more likely to come into contact with infected people/more TB bacteria in air
for 1 mark
1

(e)     white cells ingest bacteria
produce antibodies which destroy bacteria
produce antitoxins which counteract poisons produced by bacteria
for 1 mark each
3
[8]
 M7.          gravity
accept gravitropism / geotropism
1
caused redistribution of auxin / hormone to lower side of stem
1
these hormones stimulate growth of cells on the lower side of the stem only
1
so the stem grows upwards
1
[4]
 
M8.          (a)     sweat – 6 squares high 
urine – 15 squares high
each to < half a square for 1 mark each
2

(b)     for hot day (assumed unless otherwise stated)
•        same in breath
•        same total
•        more in sweat* / sweats more
•        less in urine* / urinates less
•        correct quantification of either * eg xcm3 more / less or n times more / less
250 cm3 more sweat      6 × more sweat
250 cm3 less urine      ¼ / 25% less urine
any four • for 1 mark each
[Do not allow just figures quoted from the table]
4

(c)     ideas that
•        you sweat more to keep cool on a hot day
•        urine adjusted (by kidneys) to keep balance / to keep same total loss
each for 1 mark
[Accept "more sweat therefore less urine"]
[Credit ideas from (c) if given in (b)]
2
[8]