Q1.         Nicotine is a drug in tobacco smoke. Smoking tobacco is harmful.
(a)    (i)       Many smokers find it difficult to stop smoking.
Complete the sentence.
It is difficult to stop smoking because nicotine is very ........................ .
(1)
(ii)    Nicotine affects synapses in the brain.
What is a synapse?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(c)    The table shows the results of the trials.
Tablet	Percentage of volunteers who had stopped smoking	
	After 12 weeks	After 1 year	
Drug A	44	23	
Drug B	30	15	
Placebo	18	10	

A doctor looked at the results of the tests.
The doctor suggested that a smoker who wanted to give up smoking should use Drug A.
Why?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
 Q2.          (a)     Use words from the box to complete the sentences about controlling conditions in our bodies.
 
kidneys                 liver                lungs              skin	

(i)      When we breathe out, water leaves the ...........................................................
(1)
(ii)     When we sweat, water leaves the body through the .......................................
(1)
(iii)     Excess water leaves the body in a liquid called urine.
Urine is produced by the .................................................................................
(1)
(b)     We lose a lot of sweat during exercise. When this happens, we cannot perform as well as we could at the start of the exercise.
The graph shows the effect of losing sweat on the performance of an athlete.

(i)      Describe the effect of losing sweat on performance.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)     How can athletes reduce this effect on performance?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

Q3.          Water is lost from the body in several ways.
The pie chart shows the volume of water lost, in cm3, by a man on a cold day.
                                      
(a)     (i)      The total volume of water lost by the man was 3000 cm3.
How much water was lost through the skin?
Volume of water lost through skin ............................................ cm3
(1)

(ii)    The same man lost 1200 cm3 of water through the skin on a warm day.
Give one reason for the different volumes of water lost on the two days.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)     To maintain water balance in the body, the total volume of water taken in must equal the total volume of water lost.
Give two ways this is achieved on a hot day, when compared to a cold day.
Tick () two boxes.
 
The volume of water in the urine decreases.		
The volume of water in the faeces increases.		
The volume of water taken as food or drink increases.		
The volume of water breathed out decreases.		

(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q4.         A student investigated growth responses in plants.
         The student grew a bean seed in a box filled with moist soil, as shown in Diagram A. After the seed had started to grow, the box was turned onto its side and placed in a dark room, as shown in Diagram B.

(a)     Complete Diagram C to show what the root and shoot will look like three days later.

(2)

(b)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
The results of the investigation show that the root is sensitive to	light.

moisture.

gravity.	

(1)

(c)     A hormone in the plant causes the growth responses.
         What is the name of this hormone?
         Tick () one box.
Auxin		
Statin		
Steroid		

(1)

(d)     Gardeners can use some plant hormones as weed killers.
(i)     Give one different use of plant hormones by gardeners.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Selective weed killers only kill some plants in a garden.
Killing weeds in a garden reduces competition between plants.
Give three factors that plants compete for.
1 ............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

 

Q5.          (a)     The diagram shows organs which help to control conditions inside the body.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
 
 	 	kidney.	
(i)	Carbon dioxide is removed from the body by the	lung.	
 	 	skin.	

(1)

 
 	 	kidney.	
(ii)	Urine is made in the	lung.	
 	 	skin.	

(1)

 
 	 	bladder.	
(iii)	Urine is stored in the	liver.	
 	 	skin.	

(1)

(b)     The bar chart shows the volume of water lost from different organs of the body.
The information is shown for a hot day and for a cold day.

(i)      Look at the bar chart.
How does the volume of water lost on the hot day compare with the volume of water lost on the cold day for each organ?
Complete the table using words from the box.
 
the same	less	more	

Organ	Volume of water lost on a hot day compared
with volume of water lost on a cold day	
Skin	 	
Lungs	 	
Bladder	 	

(3)

(ii)     In total, more water is lost on the hot day than on the cold day.
How does the increase in the volume of water lost on the hot day help to control the body temperature?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

 

Q6.          Scientists did a survey of drug use by people aged 15 to 18.
The scientists asked 50 females and 50 males to fill in questionnaires about drugs they had used in the previous six months.
The chart shows the results of the survey.

(a)      (i)     How many of the 15 – 18 year-olds had used cocaine in the previous six months?
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     What proportion of the 15 – 18 year old females had used cannabis in the previous six months?
...............................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     The pattern of drug use by females and males for one drug was different from the pattern for the other three drugs.
For which drug was this pattern different from the other three drugs?
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     The data in the chart might be unreliable.
Suggest one reason why.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(d)     15 – 18 year olds are advised not to smoke cannabis.
Give one reason why.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

 

Q7.          Caffeine is a recreational drug found in drinks such as coffee and cola.
(a)     What is meant by a recreational drug?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Scientists investigated the effect on the brain of drinking large amounts of caffeine.
They chose students whose drinks contained caffeine equal to at least seven cups of instant coffee each day.
The diagram compares the amount of caffeine in different drinks.
Seven cups of instant coffee a day equals:

(i)      Seven cups of instant coffee contain 315 mg of caffeine.
How much caffeine is there in one cup of instant coffee?
...............................................................................................................
                                  Amount of caffeine ........................................ mg
(1)

(ii)     Which drink in the diagram contains the highest amount of caffeine?
Tick () one box.
 
A cup of weak tea		

A cup of takeaway coffee		

A can of cola		

(1)

(c)     Caffeine may cause hallucinations.
One example of a hallucination is hearing voices that are not there.
The scientists found that students who drank more than seven cups of instant coffee per day were three times more likely to have hallucinations than students who drank one cup or less.
Which is the best conclusion?
Tick () one box.
 
Drinking caffeine causes hallucinations.		

It is dangerous to drink caffeine.		

There is a link between drinking caffeine and hallucinations.		

(1)
(Total 4 marks)

 

Q8.          Some students investigated the effect of nitrates on the growth of seedlings.
The diagram shows the apparatus the students used.

The students set up three test tubes.
•        Tube A contained pure water
•        Tube B contained all the mineral salts that a seedling needs for healthy growth
•        Tube C contained all the mineral salts that a seedling needs for healthy growth, 
but no nitrate.

(a)     Why did the students set up tubes A and B?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     To make it a fair test, what should each of the tubes, A, B and C, contain?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)

The table shows the students’ results.
 
Tube	Solution in test tube	Mass of seedling
after 14 days
in g	
A	Pure water	0.10	
B	All the mineral salts a seedling needs for healthy growth	0.45	
C	All the mineral salts a seedling needs for healthy growth but no nitrate	0.30	

(c)     Give two conclusions that you can make from the students’ results.
1 .....................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

 

##
          A runner might drink a special ‘sports drink’ at intervals during a marathon race. The table shows the substances present in a sports drink.
Substance	Percentage	
Water	 	
Sugar	5.0	
Ions	0.2	

(a)     Complete the table to show the percentage of water in the sports drink.
(1)

(b)     The runner sweats and also breathes heavily during the race.
(i)      Why does the runner need to sweat?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)     Which two substances in the table are lost from the body in sweat?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii)     Which substance in the table is lost from the body during breathing?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)     How does the sugar in the sports drink help the athlete during the marathon?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

 

Q10.          (a)     The diagrams show cells containing and surrounded by oxygen molecules.
Oxygen can move into cells or out of cells.

Into which cell, A, B, C or D, will oxygen move the fastest?
Write your answer, A, B, C or D, in the box.           
(1)

(b)     Draw a ring around the correct word to complete each sentence.

(i)       Oxygen is taken into cells by the process of	diffusion
osmosis
respiration	 
.	

(1)

 
 
(ii)      Cells need oxygen for	breathing
photosynthesis
respiration	 
.	

(1)

 
 
(iii)     The parts of cells that use up the most oxygen are the	membranes
mitochondria
nuclei	 
.	

(1)

 
 
(iv)     Some cells produce oxygen in the process of	diffusion
photosynthesis
respiration	 
.	

(1)
(Total 5 marks)

 

Q11.          Name two drugs which may harm the human body.
1.  ..........................................................................................................................................
2.  ..........................................................................................................................................
(Total 2 marks)

 

 

M1.          (a)     (i)      addictive
allow addicting / addict / addicted / addiction or similar
allow phonetic spelling
do not accept / additive / addition
1

(ii)     junction / gap / space between neurones
allow nerve cells / nerves for neurones
allow idea where neurones /
nerve cells / nerves meet / join
1

(b)     (i)      tablet with no drug
accept answers that convey this idea eg fake / dummy / sugar pill
allow injection with no drug
ignore drugs that don’t work.
1

(ii)     for comparison
accept to see if drug / it works
allow to see psychological effect or make sure, it is not all in the mind
allow as a control
ignore ‘to make test fair / unbiased’
1
(iii)     Neither doctors nor volunteers
1

(iv)     any two from:
•        age (range)
•        sex / gender (mix)
•        previous smoking habits or eg number smoked (before trial) or length of time smoked
•        number in the group
•        other drugs being taken or general health or height / weight / BMI / lifestyle / fitness
ignore factors already controlled
ignore reference to all smokers or all want to give up
2

(c)     higher percentage / number of smokers who had stopped smoking (than Drug B)
answers must refer to data and be comparative
allow best results / most effective
ignore best drug unqualified
ignore references to 12 weeks / 1 year
1
[8]

 

M2.          (a)     (i)      lungs
1
(ii)     skin
1
(iii)     kidneys
1

(b)     (i)      (as sweat lost,) performance falls
1
(ii)     drink water / sports drink
ignore antiperspirant
1
[5]

 

M3.          (a)     (i)      600
1

(ii)     more sweat produced on warm day / for cooling on warm day
1

(b)     the volume of water in the urine decreases
1
the volume of water taken as food or drink increases.
1
each extra box ticked cancels a mark
[4]

 

M4.          (a)    diagram to show root growing down
allow single lines or not attached or open ends for both marks 
all branches must go down
1
diagram to show shoot growing up
all branches must go up
1

          (b)     gravity
1
          (c)     Auxin
1

(d)     (i)      rooting / cuttings
accept other suggestions, eg fruit set / ripening
do not accept weed killers
1

(ii)     any three from:
•        light
ignore sun / energy
•        water / moisture
•        nutrients / ions / minerals
accept one named mineral
ignore nutrition / food
•        space / area
ignore soil / land / territory / volume
ignore reference to gases
3
[8]

 

M5.         (a)      (i)     lung
1

(ii)     kidney
1

(iii)    bladder
1

(b)     (i)      more
1

the same
1

less
allow synonyms
1

(ii)     cools / reduces temperature
or
prevent overheating
ignore reference to sweat
1
[7]

M6.         (a)      (i)     6
1

(ii)     1/5 or 10/50 or one fifth or 20% or 1 in 5 or 0.2 or 1:4 or 1 to 4
do not allow 1:5 or 1 to 5
1

(b)     heroin
apply list principle
1

(c)     people not honest in answers
allow small sample / people from same area
do not accept unequal numbers of men and women
1

(d)     might lead to mental illness / named
ignore cancer / lung disease / tar / damages brain cells
or
might lead to more addictive / hard drugs / named hard drugs
accept gateway drug
ignore addictive / slows reactions
1
[5]

M7.          (a)     a drug taken for pleasure / fun
allow not taken as medicine
ignore recreational / legal / harmless / specific effects on body
1

(b)     (i)      45
1

(ii)     a cup of takeaway coffee
1

(c)     There is a link between drinking caffeine and hallucinations.
extra boxes ticked cancels the mark
1
[4]

M8.          (a)     as control(s)
ignore fair test
1

(b)          the same volume of culture solution
1

(c)          plants with all mineral salts grew best
1
plants with mineral salts but no nitrate grow better than
without any mineral salts
1
[4]

 

M9.          (a)     94.8
1

(b)     (i)      to cool (the body) / maintain (body) temperature
do not accept let out heat
1
(ii)     water and ions
1
(iii)     water ignore CO2, and vapour
1

(c)     any two from:
used in respiration
provides energy
(energy) needed for movement / running / muscle action
2
[6]

 

M10.          (a)     A
1
(b)     (i)      diffusion
1
(ii)     respiration
1
(iii)     mitochondria
1
(iv)    photosynthesis
1
[5]

 

M11.          e.g. tobacco;
alcohol (allow any drug)
each for 1 mark
[2]